About Lamps

greeneyedweirdo asked:


The lamps hang from the ceiling are clear and look like bubbles. What are they called? Also, pics would be appreciated!!!

Battery Back Up Sump Pumps

Seomul Evans asked:


Moroccan home lighting is often very artistic as well as exquisitely intricate. In addition, Moroccan lamps are very functional and extremely attractive too.

They come in a wide variety of different styles including lanterns, chandeliers and sconces. Moroccan lamps can really add to your home decor in an area that is often overlooked in a home and that is lighting.

If you really enjoy rich designs, vibrant colors and unique style that look more like an art than a functional piece, you will enjoy Moroccan home lighting.

Moroccan lighting is created by professional artists who have been practiced at the art of creating hand made lamps throughout many generations. The process that is used today is one that goes back hundreds of years. This involves a process of an artist taking pride in his work and not just assembling the piece on an assembly line in a factory.

3 Elements of Home Design With Moroccan Lamps

There are three main elements when it comes to home lighting in the Moroccan light creation. True Moroccan lamps have the following:

1.Star Lamps: If you like the idea of having warmth in the house and the very deep colors that will give both an earthy tone as well as vibrancy, you should consider the stained glass elements of some Moroccan lamps.

Star lamps that are Moroccan employ the use of stained glass and are becoming more popular each day. They are often hung like chandeliers and give off a glow that illuminates throughout the house.

You can also find stained glass lampshades that filter out light through wall sconces. If you are looking for the ultimate when it comes to the exotic, take a look at the deep colors and intricacies of the stained glass Moroccan lamps.

2.Henna Lamps: Henna lamps are those that have lamp shades that are made out of sheepskin or goatskin and are painted on by experienced artists who use henna tattooing to create intricate designs. Each lamp shade design is different than another making each individual lamp or lanterns a work of art. If you are looking for a focal point of your home with lighting, take a look at the Moroccan lamps that are made with Henna tattooing.

3.Metal Lamps: You can also find Moroccan lamps that are hand crafted from a variety of metals including wrought iron, silver or other metals. Some of the Moroccan lamps are polished whereas others have a brushed look. Other metal lamps are made to have an antique look. These metal lamps are often used outdoors, especially on patios as well as home entrance ways. The metal makes these lamps extremely durable and the Moroccan design makes them unique.

Home lighting is a very important aspect to the home decor. Many people tend to ignore this very crucial aspect of home decor. Most professional interior designers recognize how important light fixtures are to home decor. When you use these unique fixtures that you can find with Moroccan home lighting, you will not only have a way to light a room, but also a work of art as well. When you get the one of the kind designs that are part of these lamps, you will be getting an eclectic combination of both art and function with Moroccan home lighting.



Goodman Heat Pumps

S.N.Singh asked:


INTELLIGENT SOLAR LAMPS FOR RURAL INDIA

S. N . Singh , Dr A .K .Singh *

Department of Electronics Engineering

Department of Electrical Engineering *

NIT , Jamshedpur  831014

Jharkhand (India)

Phone : + 91-9835171619 (M)

e-mail :  snsnitjsr@sify.com

e-mail :  akselect2006@yahoo.co.in*

Abstract

Solar powered lightening system is becoming popular in remote isolated Indian villages. The design and construction principle of a solar lamp is presented in this paper. It investigates the performance characteristic of the proposed system. The paper also presents the comparison of the proposed solar lantern with conventional lightening systems, hurricane lantern and candle, in terms of cost and performance. The Impact of these systems in the life of the Indian villagers has been reflected in terms of parameters like employment generation, their  educational and economic status etc.

Introduction

Lightening is essentially required for a human being in his living place wherever it might be. There are places in remote Indian villages where grid supply is not possible due to technical and economic reasons . An alternative source of lightening may be used in such isolated remote areas. The operation of alternative source should not be sophisticated one so that rural people can easily operate. In the present study solar lamp has been used to meet the lightening system requirement of these remote villages. The constructional features and performance characteristic of the new proposed solar lamp has been presented .The comparison between new proposed lamp with other conventional lightening system, hurricane lamps and candle is also presented in terms of construction, performance characteristic and cost [1,2,3 ].

Conventional sources of lightening

The conventional sources of lightening used in a rural home are usually of two types:

i)          Hurricane

ii)         Candle

The hurricane lantern is made of steel. It has a reservoir/tank of fuel. The usual fuel is kerosene. The flame is produced by firing a cotton feather, which absorb kerosene from the fuel tank. The flame is covered by a tubular glass. The life of these lamps are 5 years

A candle is made of wax. It provides light for 20 hour or more depending on the size of candle. In the present study a candle of 25 cm height and 5 cm diameter has been used which give light for 20 hours.

Technology of Solar Lantern

Solar lamp consists of following components/modules as shown in Fig (1)

§  PV module 3W/10W – 6V/12V

§  Battery 4.5/7.5AH

§  Power Converter 230V,10W

§  Lamp (LEDS) 10W

§  Intelligent Controller

The source of the energy of the proposed lantern is the DC electricity produced by a solar panel during insolation period. The energy is stored in a battery which supplies power to lamp (LEDS) working as a load.

A voltage regulator circuit controls the charging of the battery. The low voltage protection circuit is incorporated to prevent the battery from deep discharging (SOC=50%)

 An inverter circuit converts DC voltage to sinusoidal PWM AC waveforms with 95 % efficiency and THD less than 2%.

The unique feature of the innovative intelligent solar lamp is its controlled delivery of power through intelligent action of the control switches to regulate the intensity of lamps as per requirement

PV

Inverter

Battery

Intelligence   Controller

Load (Lamp)

 

Fig (1) Schematic Diagram of Solar Lamp

Illumination Level of   Lamps

The output power in terms of illumination of solar lamp and its comparative study with conventional Lamps have been shown in Fig (2)

Fig (2) Comparison of illumination level of solar powered lamp, hurricane lamp and candle lamp

 

Cost Analysis of Different Lamps

The cost of    solar lantern include the cost of different  accessories which include Voltage Control Unit, Low voltage protection Circuit , Inverter LEDS, Casing and SMF Battery etc. In the cost analysis of hurricane lamp its life time is considered   as 5 year. The consumption of kerosene is 40 ml per hour and is used for 4 hour a day for lightening purpose. The cost of candle is also evaluated considering 4 hours of illumination each day.

The annual repayment cost of different types of the lamps is given in Table 5 

Table (5) Cost of different type of Lamps

Lightening Lamps

Life cycle

Annual Expenditure (Rs.)

10 Watt Solar Lantern

20 year

1750=00

Hurricane Lamp

1-5 year

2000=00

Candle

20 hour

2500=00

 

Experimental Investigation on Solar Lamps

(A) The out put power generated by PV Source   during insolation is presented in Table (1)

Table (1) PV Source Output (watt)

Time

PV Output (watt)

6:30 am

1

7:00am

2

8:00 am

4

9:00 am

8

10:00 am

10

11:00 am

11

12:00 Noon

12

1:00 pm

10

2:00 pm

8

3:00 pm

7

4:00 pm

6

5:00 pm

3

6.30 pm

1

(B) The 10W solar panel charges 6V/4.5AH single SMF battery. The charging of battery is done in two modes of operation i.e. trickle and boost for both cloudy and sunny day. Table (2)

presents the SOC of the battery depicting the voltage and charging current.

Table (2) Development of charges in battery connected to 10W PV panel

Time

Battery voltage (volt) / current

Cloudy day

Sunny day

6:30 am

4.57V/0.04A

3.98V/0.06A

7:00 am

5.80 / 0.06

5.00 / 0.07

8:00 am

5.80 / 0.12

5.50 / 0.09

9:00 am

5.90 / 0.14

5.60 / 0.12

10:00 am

5.95 / 0.24

5.70 / 0.13

11:00 am

6.00 / 0.22

5.75 /0.20

12:00 Noon

6.50 / 0.20

5.80  /0.23

1:00 pm

6.10 / 0.17

6.10 / 0.30

2:00 pm

6.20 / 0.16

6.20/ 0.20

3:00 pm

6.20 / 0.15

6.30/ 0.10

4:00 pm

6.25 / 0.04

6.30 / 0.09

5:00 pm

6.30 / 0.01

6.30 / 0.03

(C) The output power in terms of illumination was measured in Lux at different distances from the solar lantern and observations as recorded is given in Table (3.)

Table (3) Illumination Data of Solar Lamps

Distance (cm)

Voltages (Volt )

7.0

4.5

1.5

30

350

240

80

61

100

80

19

91

50

43

10

122

45

30

8

152

40

22

7

183

30

18

6

213

20

12

5

274

11

11

5

305

8

8

5

335

6

6

5

 

Utilization of Solar Lamps and Socio- Economic Impact Study

A study was carried out to analyze the benefit of use of solar lantern in different  remote village houses  of East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand State ( India) [ 4 ] .The Database was  obtained with the interview of approximately 1000 villagers in different  villages of the District under study, where such Lightening system were implemented, through a pre-structure questionnaire  to record data and analyze the impact of solar Lamps on their socio economic development  and  the findings were concludes as presented in Table (6)

Table (6) Impact of Solar Lamps in the society of village

Parameters

Benefits

(% Increase)

Employment Generation

50%

Educational Status

30%

Economic Status

40%

Communication

10%

Health Awareness

30%

Clinic

5%

Animal Population

20%

Rural Cottage Industries

50%

The study reveals that the use of solar Lamp can give further  benefit to villagers in many ways such as their  children can do school work till late in the evening . Barbers   can open their shops till late night.

Basket weavers can devote more time under solar light during evening hours and can increase their productivity.

 

A Basket  weavers in a Solar Rural House of Bodam Village In Patamda Block of East Singhbhoom District of Jharkhand State (India)

Villagers can prepare their food under solar light during night hour. Aganbari centers can be run under solar light to conduct Distance Education OBC Literacy classes of National Open School (Government  of India)  for school drop-outs children or vocational linked Literacy classes for  neo literate adult persons. Training programme of need oriented vocational courses can be arranged by Jan Shikhan Sansthan (Sponsored organization of Government of India)  for potential youths specially for Tribal villagers and other weaker section of society for self employment or wage employment.

The author is  distributing the certificate on successful completion of a training  programme on basket weaving  to tribal villagers in Patamda Block of East Singhbhoom District of Jharkhand State  .

People can walk from one place to another place during night hours also. Tele-communication (WLL) services can be started in solar light powered community centers. Tailor shop can be opened during night hours.

A solar powered Lamp in a Tailor Shop in Koladoba Village in Ghatsila Block of East Singhbhoom District  of Jharkhad State (India)

Self employment can be generated in villages and thus potential youths can supplement their family  income.

A village potential youth running a cycle repair shop under solar powered lightening house in  Patamada Block of the District East Sighbhoom of Jharkhand State

The death rate can be reduced which are caused by snake bites due to darkness during evening hours .Village Health centers can be made operative during evening hours  by Government Doctors   People can be educated on general education through awareness programme  in solar light powered Panchayat Bhawan of villages by NGOs. Goatary, ,Piggery and Poultry Farms can be powered with solar lights  Small scale farmers producing cottage industry products (like agarbati , Jam and Jelly , Papad etc) can substantiate their family income. Thus more and more employment can be generated for potential youths in rural villages and migration of these  potential youths from  villages can be stopped.

The government of India and state Government  agency are taking initiative and  are providing the solar lamps at subsidised rate to the villagers through Block offices of every  district /

DRDA of Jharkhand state and many other states of our country .

 

 

Conclusion

Solar lamps are gaining popularity in remote villages due to its portability and light in weight. It produces pollution free clean   light source energy as compared to conventional lamps, hurricane and candles.

In this paper the design, construction and performance characteristic of different types of lamps have been presented and comparison of cost on yearly basis between all type of lamps have been done It is clearly observed that solar lantern is much cheaper than other lamps, hurricane and candles. More ever it produces more illumination without any operational hazard

The study reveals that use of intelligent solar lamps as proposed for lightening system have resulted in a significant impact on the lives of rural population allowing them to replace their poor quality kerosene lamps producing toxic gasses with more efficient safer and pollution free solar lamps

LITERATURE



M. Alam et al Solar \Power Lantern, B.Sc Engg Thesis 199 B HUET, Dhake

J.E Kanman et al IES Lightening handbook. Reference volume 1981 Illuminating engineering society of North America

Q Ah San “Solar Power Lantern for Flood Affected Area” IEEE 2000 page 487 – 492.





www.jharkhand.nic.in





Scented Candle Gift Sets

Ernesto Gaglione asked:


A new method in today’s market for promoting the health and wellness of your family is through the use of a Himalayan Salt Crystal Lamp. With so many methods on the market claiming to enhance the health and well-being of individuals, one may be wary about something so unique.

Some practices suggest the regular intake of natural herbal medicine, but people must be cautious about anything that is put inside the body - natural or otherwise. Other methods suggest the purchase of expensive machines that will supposedly promote optimal health, but this raises money concerns as these contraptions can be expensive. With a Himalayan salt lamp, safety and cost are not an issue.

A Himalayan Salt Crystal Lamp is made from a chunk of salt crystal rock that was taken from the salt mines found in underground caves in the foothills of the Himalayan Mountains. The Himalayan salt lamp makes use of the minerals that have been preserved for millions of years, releasing their special properties through the introduction of heat from an electric bulb or from the flame of a candle. These special properties emitted from the Salt Lamp are responsible for promoting the health and wellness of individuals via ionization of the air and the eradication of pollution. The special properties of the Himalayan Salt Crystal Lamp consist of negatively charged ions that act on the contaminants in the air by neutralizing them and weighing them down so they can no longer circulate. When this occurs, individuals can breathe more easily and many ailments and allergies that frequently afflict them start to disappear.

A Himalayan salt crystal lamp comes in different shapes, sizes, and weights. Many prefer the natural shape lamps as they lend to the nature and the environment while encouraging good health. Others like to complement the aesthetics of their décor and choose the shaped varieties. The lamp can be made into a pyramid shaped Himalayan salt lamp, a globe shaped Himalayan salt lamp, a bowl shaped Himalayan salt lamp that contains small salt chunks within, or even a cross shaped Himalayan salt lamp.

A Himalayan salt crystal lamp can also be used as a medium to alleviate several ailments and disorders. It can prevent allergy symptoms from surfacing and also help quell other illnesses such as Attention Deficit Disorder. A Himalayan salt crystal lamp also has a healing effect on the skin and even the mind encouraging concentration and focus.

A Himalayan salt crystal lamp is a natural ionizer. While it does ionize, it also does much more. A wider definition of a Himalayan salt crystal lamp is that it is an overall healing device helps promote the health and wellness of all individuals who use it.



Painted Kitchen Cabinets

Mazda3 i asked:


what’s the difference between projector lamps and angel eyes? I have a 2005 honda civic lx with stock headlamps but after market 10k hid lights. what would look better with it and why? and will my hids still fit? how can i check?

Thanks in advance I know its a lot to answer

First Aid Cpr Training

Mark Clifton asked:


It seems that history always repeats itself, whether in a family, politics or even style and fashion. Slowly the clothing styles of the 50’s, 60’s, 70’s and even (oh, no) the 80’s have doubled back and been passed off as the hottest new fashions. This is equally true for interior design. It seems that people get tired of looking at the new designs, which have become old, and they want something new…which is really just more of the old. It’s a vicious cycle.

Retro furniture, lamps and other interior decorating favorites may be gone, but never forgotten. It doesn’t take very many tries to find a website or retailer that specializes in retro furniture. Retro lamps are particularly fun because of the bright colors and crazy shapes they can be. Especially in the 1960’s and 70’s, anything could be fashionable, and just about everything was. Colors we wouldn’t dream of using in our homes today were splashed all over the walls and the carpet looked like it needed to be mowed. But that was the style, and it’s not hard to find again.

The 1960’s is when the interior design world first got a glimpse at the cone lamp. This retro lamp sported three or more adjustable cone shaped lights that rested on three separate arms protruding from the base of the lamp. The arms could be bent and turned in any direction to point light at anywhere you wanted it to go. This style has hung on throughout the years if for nothing else but its ingenious design. Though the idea is still used today, the original lamp gets a spot in the retro hall of fame, especially if you can find it in avocado green.

Another fabulously retro lamp that we can thank the 1970’s for is the Modern Arco Lamp. Why in the world would you want to have a perfectly straight lamp on the left side of your chair for reading when you can have this retro lamp sitting on your right and arcing over your head to end up on your left side? Any retro decorated room is incomplete without one of these monsters; just make sure you have the room for a retro lamp as big as this.

Yet another retro lamp that has actually had a huge impact on today’s lamp styles is the torch floor lamp from the 1950’s. Though there were torchiere lamps before that time, this design modernized it into a style that is still quite popular. Now you can find torchiere lamps with a variety of energy saving bulbs from compact fluorescent to halogen. It’s really not a retro lamp, but deserves to be recognized for its pioneering efforts toward today’s interior decorating.

If you’re looking to use retro lamps in your design scheme, there are more than enough out there to choose from, and most are being produced today so you don’t have to spend a killing at an antique store. Just do yourself a favor and stay away from lava lamps. There is retro, and just plain ugly, you decide.

Mark(at)modernlampsguide.com



Pellet Stove Inserts

That one guy with the nose asked:


I have a turtle but no lamp. She seems fine though.

Bifold Closet Doors

Michael K asked:


This week on KYLE XY during the “Geek Scene” in the college recreation room, there were modern acrylic floor lamps about 5 to 6 feet tall in the background. I am great at recognizing different modern contemporary furniture artists, but this one has me stumped. They looked like tall skinny mushrooms and came in primary colors. Someone reccomended “Barnes and Noble” which produced nothing. Help please! I love these lamps!

Outdoor Solar Lighting

Maurice Robertson asked:


The Antique and Vintage Table Lamp Co are well known for their varied range of antique and vintage table lamps, with decorative lighting from England, France China and Japan. Included in their range are  examples of American made glass lamps.

Currently,The Antique and Vintage Table Lamp Co  have examples made in the States from the early 1930’s period, with glass lamps made by the Consolidated Glass Company. This famous American glass maker was located in Pennsylvania, with Reuben Haley as the leading designer.  The art glass produced through this period is of outstanding quality and was greatly inspired by the French company of Rene Lalique. 

The company was greatly reduced by the Great Depression and was closed from 1932 - 1936.  Consolidated continued to produce very fine art glass through the 1940’s and 50’s but eventually closed, due to a factory fire in 1963.

Also listed in their on-line catalogue, a tall, U.S studio made, earthenware lamp with an arresting mega blast monochrome glaze of bright sunshine yellow!  This American lamp was hand thrown by a studio potter in the 1920 - 1930 period.  The lamp was designed to follow the form of the classical antique ”Yen Yen” shape produced by the Chinese porcelain makers of the 18th century.  This studio piece was produced as a lamp and has been carefully looked after for the past 80 years, now completely refurbished and ready to shed it’s light again in a new interior.

                                  

A tall, American art studio, wheel thrown,

 earthenware table lamp in Chinese form.

The lamp produced in the 1920 to 1930 period in a typical,

 rather curvaceous Art Deco style.

Although a product of the Art Deco, its line follows the classic form

of the Chinese “Yen Yen” shape of early 18th century porcelain,

(particularly associated with the Kangxi period),

“a long necked baluster style vase rising to a trumpet shaped mouth”.

The lamp glazed with a mega watt burst of bright sunshine yellow.

The lamp on a turned maple wood base, lacquered in Chinese black,

the lamp cap of polished brass.

Art Deco - Circa 1930

 

 

 All the company’s lamps are “one-of-a-kind”  designs and are completely original.  Each unique lamp is bench made with no aspect of repetitive production.

The company caters for the discerning buyer who knows that “the ordinary won’t do”, who demands more than mass produced products that roll off the conveyer belt in their thousands.   Their lamps are completely hand made with the majority of their collection being genuine antiques, i.e., 100 years old or older.

Please remember that The Antique & Vintage Table Lamp Co ship lamps, ready wired for the U.S, the U.K and Australia.

You are invited to visit The Antique & Vintage Table Lamp Co’s web site at     www.antiquelampshop.com

© The Antique & Vintage Table Lamp Co 2009



How To Choose The Perfect Fireplace

Maurice Robertson asked:


The invention of transfer printing on porcelain and pottery was, without doubt, one of the most important innovations in the development of the ceramic industry.

The honor of this development goes to the English engraver, Robert Hancock, born in Birmingham (1730-1817).  We first meet Robert, recorded as a copper plate engraver at York House, at Battersea’s enamel works in London.  Here, beautiful little copper boxes were made for the English 18th century luxury market and quite costly objects of vertu, the so-called bijouterie, scent bottles, little snuff boxes and practical wares, such as boxes to contain sewing implements, toothpicks, trays to hold pens, canisters for tea and sugar and even candlesticks, designed to imitated expensive silver pieces.

In 1756 the Battersea factory closed and we next find Robert at the Worcester porcelain factory in the same year. Robert Hancock had obviously taken his knowledge and expertise to the factory management, under the direction of Dr John Wall.

The management was highly impressed with the idea of this rapid decoration technique!  Since the opening of the factory in 1751, porcelain painting had been a laborious and expensive process, undertaken by painters with coloured powdered enamels, mixed with lavender oil and brushes.

Robert was able to teach his printing skills and the process was soon mastered with the first, famous, copper plate engraved, black transfer print being produced in 1757.  The subject being Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, ally and hero of the seven years war.

Transfer printing as developed at Battersea, began with the unique skill of the copper plate engraver, who deeply engraved, with a fine sharp steel, the desired design.  The design was engraved in reverse!, allowing the final print to appear “right way around”.  Pigment was then added, often mixed with oil and heated to allow the colour to run deeper into the copper plate engravings, the excess ink then wiped away with a palette knife.  The copper plate, after being cleaned off with a cloth was then covered with a sheet of tissue which was dampened and pressed onto the plate.  Next, the tissue was gently lifted from the plate and set carefully onto the shape to be printed. As the tissue was deftly lifted away, the design was left behind. This early printing style left the print on top of the glazed item, which was then fired to finally set the print onto the glazed surface.

As the 18th century turned into the early 19th century, new ceramic printing techniques were developed, to not only improve the technique, but make it faster, time is money!  The great name at this point is Josiah Spode who is credited with the introduction of under glaze blue transfer printing into Staffordshire, during 1781-84.

During the early 1800’s, the tissue was replaced by a sheet of paper, or sometimes fabric.  With a layer of glue applied, this could easily be cut and shaped to fit around curved objects such as dishes and teapots. This is known as the “bat” print and gives the process its alternative name “bat printing”.  The inked bat was then placed on the ceramic object and an impression left, leaving the print adhering to the shape. The item was then dipped into the glaze and returned to the kiln for the glost, or, low firing. The glue bats were reusable, plus they conformed better to curved surfaces.  Cobalt blue, under glaze transfer printing became a standard of the Staffordshire pottery industry.

Men like Josiah Spode, Wedgwood, Thomas Minton and others, were all entrepreneurial types and leading figures of the great Staffordshire ceramic industry.  While sharing amicable business relationships, each kept an eye on the market!   It was at this time that large export markets were opening or expanding in North America, Europe, and India where consumers sought elegant, matched sets of wares.



The Antique and Vintage Table Lamp Co illustrate a charming little English, Staffordshire, pottery accent lamp.  The lamp with a cream coloured glaze and very finely printed in sepia with two “named views”.  The front of the lamp with “Abbotsford, Selkirkshire, Scotland”, the reverse side printed with, “Chatsworth Derbyshire”.  The lamp with elaborately modelled, silver shaped handles.  The neck of the lamp delicately gilded with a formal motif. The rim and circular lamp base gilded, the gilding in very fine condition.  The lamp seated on a custom made, polished, maple wood base.  The custom-made lamp cap of gold plated bronze. 

Circa 1840       Overall height (including shade) 17″/43cm  



The Antique & Vintage Table Lamp Co specialise in antique table lamp lighting with an on line range of over 100 unique, antique and vintage table lamps on view.

Lamps are shipped ready wired for the U.S, the U.K and Australia.

For more information you are invited to visit their web site at:-

 

www.antiquelampshop.com



How To Build A Fireplace